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Returning results as procedure parameters

Procedures can return results to the calling environment in the parameters to the procedure.

Within a procedure, parameters and variables can be assigned values using:

• the SET statement.

• a SELECT statement with an INTO clause.

The following somewhat artificial procedure returns a value in an OUT parameter assigned using a SET statement:

CREATE PROCEDURE greater( IN a INT,
                           IN b INT,
                           OUT c INT )
BEGIN
   IF a > b THEN
      SET c = a;
   ELSE
      SET c = b;
   END IF ;
END;

Single-row queries retrieve at most one row from the database. This type of query uses a SELECT statement with an INTO clause. The INTO clause follows the select list and precedes the FROM clause. It contains a list of variables to receive the value for each select list item. There must be the same number of variables as there are select list items.

When a SELECT statement executes, the server retrieves the results of the SELECT statement and places the results in the variables. If the query results contain more than one row, the server returns an error. For queries returning more than one row, you must use cursors. For information about returning more than one row from a procedure, see Returning result sets from procedures.

If the query results in no rows being selected, a row not found warning appears.

The following procedure returns the results of a single-row SELECT statement in the procedure parameters.

To return the number of orders placed by a given customer

• Type the following:

  CREATE PROCEDURE OrderCount( IN customer_ID INT,
                                OUT Orders INT )
  BEGIN
     SELECT COUNT(SalesOrders.ID)
        INTO Orders
     FROM Customers
        KEY LEFT OUTER JOIN SalesOrders
     WHERE Customers.ID = customer_ID;
  END;

You can test this procedure in Interactive SQL using the following statements, which show the number of orders placed by the customer with ID 102:

CREATE VARIABLE orders INT;
CALL OrderCount ( 102, orders );
SELECT orders;

Notes

• The customer_ID parameter is declared as an IN parameter. This parameter holds the customer ID passed in to the procedure.

• The Orders parameter is declared as an OUT parameter. It holds the value of the orders variable returned to the calling environment.

• No DECLARE statement is necessary for the Orders variable, as it is declared in the procedure argument list.

• The SELECT statement returns a single row and places it into the variable Orders.